Paracetamol, also known as Acetaminophen, is one of the most commonly used medicines in the world.
It is a pain reliever and fever reducer that is available over the counter in most countries. Paracetamol is safe and effective when used correctly, but misuse or overdose can cause serious health problems, especially liver damage.
What Is Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)?
Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic (painkiller) and antipyretic (fever reducer). It helps relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. It does not belong to the NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug) group, which means it does not irritate the stomach or cause bleeding problems like some other painkillers.
It is sold under many brand names such as Crocin, Calpol, Tylenol, Dolo 650, Panadol, Metacin, and Tempra.
How Does Paracetamol Work?
Paracetamol works by blocking certain chemicals in the brain called prostaglandins that cause pain and fever.
When your body produces prostaglandins, you feel pain and your temperature may rise. By reducing these chemicals, Paracetamol lowers body temperature and makes pain less intense.
However, unlike NSAIDs, it does not reduce inflammation, so it is not suitable for conditions that involve swelling.
Common Uses of Paracetamol
Paracetamol is used to treat many common conditions such as:
- Fever – Reduces high body temperature caused by infection, cold, or flu.
- Headache – Relieves mild to moderate headache pain.
- Toothache – Helps reduce dental pain before or after dental treatment.
- Muscle pain – Useful for mild muscle aches after exercise or strain.
- Joint pain – Provides temporary relief from mild arthritis pain.
- Cold and flu – Reduces fever and body pain associated with infections.
- Menstrual pain – Helps relieve period cramps and discomfort.
Available Forms of Paracetamol
Paracetamol comes in many forms for people of all ages:
- Tablets (commonly 500 mg or 650 mg)
- Syrup or suspension (for children)
- Drops (for infants)
- Effervescent tablets (dissolved in water)
- Suppositories (inserted into the rectum)
- Injection form (used in hospitals when oral medicine is not possible)
Recommended Dosage
The correct dose depends on age, body weight, and medical condition. Always follow the doctor’s advice or the instructions on the package.
For Adults:
- The usual dose is 500 mg to 1000 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
- Do not exceed 4000 mg (4 grams) in 24 hours.
For Children:
- The dose is based on weight – usually 10–15 mg per kilogram of body weight per dose.
- It can be given every 4 to 6 hours, but not more than 5 doses in 24 hours.
- Always use the measuring cup or dropper that comes with the medicine.
For Infants:
- Use infant drops as advised by a doctor. Never give adult tablets to infants.
How to Take Paracetamol Safely
- Take Paracetamol with or without food.
- Drink a full glass of water after swallowing the tablet.
- Do not crush or chew the tablet unless it is chewable.
- If you are using syrup or drops, measure the dose carefully using the provided tool.
- Avoid taking multiple medicines that contain Paracetamol, as this can lead to overdose.
Possible Side Effects of Paracetamol
Paracetamol is safe for most people when taken at the recommended dose. Side effects are rare, but some people may experience:
- Nausea or vomiting
- Stomach pain
- Loss of appetite
- Rash or itching (in rare cases of allergy)
- Dark urine or yellowing of eyes/skin (a sign of liver damage)
If any serious side effect occurs, stop taking the medicine and seek medical help immediately.
Overdose of Paracetamol
Taking too much Paracetamol can be dangerous and life-threatening. A high dose damages the liver and may lead to liver failure.
Symptoms of Overdose:
- Severe nausea or vomiting
- Pain in the upper right side of the abdomen
- Yellowing of eyes or skin
- Confusion or weakness
- Loss of appetite
If an overdose is suspected, go to the hospital immediately, even if you feel fine. Early treatment with a medicine called N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can save the liver.
Precautions Before Taking Paracetamol
- Liver disease: Avoid Paracetamol or take it only under medical supervision.
- Kidney disease: Use with caution.
- Alcohol consumption: Do not drink alcohol while taking Paracetamol as it increases the risk of liver damage.
- Pregnancy: Usually safe in recommended doses but consult a doctor first.
- Breastfeeding: Small amounts pass into breast milk, but it is generally considered safe.
Paracetamol Interactions
Paracetamol can interact with other medicines. Common examples include:
- Blood thinners (like warfarin): may increase bleeding risk.
- Anti-seizure medicines (like carbamazepine, phenytoin): may increase liver damage.
- Rifampicin (for tuberculosis): increases the risk of liver injury.
- Other painkillers with Paracetamol: can cause accidental overdose.
Always check the labels of cold or flu medicines, as many contain Paracetamol in combination.
Difference Between Paracetamol and NSAIDs (like Ibuprofen)
| Feature | Paracetamol | Ibuprofen |
| Type | Analgesic, Antipyretic | Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory |
| Reduces Fever | Yes | Yes |
| Reduces Pain | Yes | Yes |
| Reduces Inflammation | No | Yes |
| Stomach Irritation | Rare | Common |
| Safe in Pregnancy | Usually Yes | Usually No |
In short, Paracetamol is preferred for fever and mild pain, especially in children and those with stomach problems.
Paracetamol During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Paracetamol is one of the safest painkillers during pregnancy when used in the correct dose and for a short time. However, always consult a doctor before use.
During breastfeeding, small amounts of Paracetamol pass into breast milk but are not harmful to the baby when used as prescribed.
Storage and Handling
- Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight.
- Keep out of reach of children.
- Do not use expired medicine.
When to See a Doctor
You should consult a doctor if:
- Fever lasts more than 3 days
- Pain does not improve after 5 days
- You experience severe side effects
- You have liver problems or drink alcohol regularly
Key Safety Tips
- Never take more than the recommended dose.
- Do not combine with alcohol.
- Avoid taking multiple medicines that contain Paracetamol.
- Always check the label before taking.
- Consult your doctor before giving to children or during pregnancy.
Conclusion
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is one of the safest and most effective medicines for reducing fever and relieving mild to moderate pain. It is easily available and suitable for all age groups when used correctly. However, it should be taken responsibly, as overdose can cause serious liver damage.
Always read the label, follow the instructions, and consult a doctor if symptoms persist. Responsible use ensures safety and quick recovery.
FAQs
Q 1. Can I take Paracetamol on an empty stomach?
Yes, you can take it with or without food. It does not irritate the stomach.
Q 2. Can I take Paracetamol and Ibuprofen together?
Yes, but only if advised by a doctor. Do not take them together regularly.
Q 3. Is Paracetamol safe for children?
Yes, it is safe for children in the correct dose based on weight.
Q 4. What should I do if I miss a dose?
Take it when you remember, but do not double the next dose.
Q 5. Can Paracetamol cure inflammation?
No, Paracetamol does not reduce swelling or inflammation.
Q 6. Is it safe to use Paracetamol daily?
It is safe for short-term use. Long-term or frequent use can harm the liver.
Q 7. What is the difference between Paracetamol 500 mg and 650 mg?
Both work the same way. The 650 mg tablet has a higher dose and may provide longer relief.