A Bartholin’s cyst is a common condition seen in women, where a small lump forms near the vaginal opening. It happens when one of the Bartholin’s glands, located on either side of the vagina, becomes blocked.
These glands produce a fluid that helps keep the vaginal area moist. When the fluid cannot drain out, it collects inside the gland, forming a cyst.
Bartholin’s cysts are usually not serious, but they can cause pain or discomfort if they grow larger or become infected.
What is a Bartholin’s Cyst?
Each woman has two Bartholin’s glands that lie on both sides of the vaginal opening. These glands make fluid to lubricate the vagina. If the duct (tube) of one gland gets blocked, the fluid stays inside and forms a swelling. This is called a Bartholin’s cyst.
If the cyst becomes infected, it can turn into a Bartholin’s abscess, which is filled with pus and causes severe pain.
Causes of Bartholin’s Cyst
The main cause of a Bartholin’s cyst is the blockage of the duct that carries fluid from the gland. The blockage may be due to:
- Bacterial infection
- Inflammation or irritation
- Injury near the vaginal area
- Thick mucus blocking the duct
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like gonorrhea or chlamydia (in some cases)
Sometimes, no specific cause can be found.
Symptoms of Bartholin’s Cyst
Many Bartholin’s cysts are small and painless. But if the cyst grows larger or becomes infected, symptoms may include:
- Swelling or lump near the vaginal opening
- Pain while walking, sitting, or during sex
- Redness and tenderness in the affected area
- Fever or feeling unwell (if an abscess develops)
- Pus or fluid discharge from the cyst
If the cyst turns into an abscess, the pain can become sharp and severe, and it may be difficult to sit or move comfortably.
How is a Bartholin’s Cyst Diagnosed?
Doctors usually diagnose a Bartholin’s cyst through a physical examination.
In some cases, additional tests may be done:
- Swab test: To check for infection or sexually transmitted diseases.
- Biopsy: If the cyst appears unusual or if the woman is above 40, to rule out other conditions such as tumors (rare).
Treatment for Bartholin’s Cyst
Treatment depends on the size of the cyst, presence of pain, and infection.
1. No Treatment (Observation)
Small, painless cysts often go away on their own. The doctor may suggest simple home care and monitoring.
2. Sitz Baths
Sitting in warm water for 10–15 minutes, 2–3 times a day can help the cyst open and drain naturally. This also eases pain and swelling.
3. Drainage
If the cyst is large or painful, the doctor may make a small cut to drain the fluid. A small rubber tube called a catheter may be left in place for a few days to help the gland drain properly.
4. Marsupialization
If cysts keep coming back, a minor surgery called marsupialization is done. In this, the doctor creates a small permanent opening for fluid to drain easily in the future.
5. Antibiotics
If the cyst or abscess is infected, antibiotics are given to treat the infection and prevent further complications.
6. Gland Removal
In rare cases, if the cyst keeps returning or doesn’t heal, the Bartholin’s gland may be surgically removed.
Home Remedies and Self-Care Tips
- Keep the genital area clean and dry.
- Avoid tight clothing and wear cotton underwear.
- Do not squeeze or try to pop the cyst yourself.
- Take pain relief medication (like paracetamol or ibuprofen) if prescribed.
- Avoid using scented soaps or products in the genital area.
Possible Complications
If not treated properly, a Bartholin’s cyst can lead to:
- Bartholin’s abscess – a painful infection filled with pus.
- Recurrent cysts – cysts may return even after drainage.
- Discomfort – difficulty in walking, sitting, or having sex.
When to See a Doctor
You should see a doctor if:
- The lump is painful or growing quickly.
- You have fever, redness, or pus discharge.
- The cyst keeps coming back.
- You are over 40 years old and notice a new swelling.
Prevention of Bartholin’s Cyst
You can lower the risk of developing a Bartholin’s cyst by following these tips:
- Maintain good genital hygiene.
- Use protection during sex to avoid infections.
- Avoid harsh soaps and chemicals near the vagina.
- Wear loose-fitting cotton underwear.
- Stay hydrated and clean the area properly after using the toilet.
Conclusion
A Bartholin’s cyst is a fluid-filled swelling near the vaginal opening caused by a blocked Bartholin’s gland. It is common and usually harmless. Small cysts often go away on their own, while larger or infected ones may need drainage or minor surgery.
Good hygiene and early treatment can help prevent pain and recurrence.
FAQs
1. Is Bartholin’s cyst dangerous?
No, it is not dangerous. Most Bartholin’s cysts are harmless and can be easily treated. However, if it becomes infected or very painful, medical care is needed.
2. Can a Bartholin’s cyst go away on its own?
Yes, small and painless cysts often go away without treatment. Warm sitz baths can help it heal faster.
3. Is Bartholin’s cyst sexually transmitted?
No, the cyst itself is not sexually transmitted. However, infections that cause the cyst (like gonorrhea or chlamydia) can be transmitted sexually.
4. Can a Bartholin’s cyst come back?
Yes, it can return even after drainage. In such cases, the doctor may perform a procedure called marsupialization or remove the gland.
5. Can Bartholin’s cyst affect fertility?
No, Bartholin’s cyst does not affect a woman’s ability to get pregnant or have children.
6. How long does it take for a Bartholin’s cyst to heal?
With proper care, small cysts may heal within a few days. If a procedure is done, healing usually takes one to two weeks.
7. What happens if I ignore a Bartholin’s cyst?
If ignored, the cyst may become infected and form an abscess, which causes severe pain and may need medical treatment.